Why the Emphasis on Technology?

WHY THE EMPHASIS ON TECHNOLOGY?

Suppose you need information on how well your department is meeting its sales goals. Thirty years ago, you probably would have had to submit a requisition to the vice president of sales' office. The response may have taken a couple weeks, and the information would have been in whatever format the sales department dictated. Today, however, a few keystrokes on your computer produces that information almost instantaneously. Moreover, it will be precisely the information you want-which may be entirely different from the information one of your colleagues needs on a similar account.

Since the 1979s, U.S. companies such as General Electric, Citigroup Global Technologies, Wal-Mart, and 3M have been using automated offices, manufactureing robotics, computer-assisted design software, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and electronic meetings. Such technological advances make the organizations more productive and help them create and maintain a competitive advantage.
Technology includes any equipment, tools, or operating methods designed to make work more efficient. Technological advances integrate technology into a process for changing inputs.

For example, to sell its goods or services, an organization must first transform certain inputs-labor, raw materials, and the like-into outputs. In years past, human labour performed many of these transforming operations. Technology, however, has enhanced this production process by replacing human labor with electronic and computer equipment. For instance, assembly operations at general motors rely heavily on robotics. Robots perform repetivite tasks-such as spot welding and painting much more quickly than humans can.

And the robots are not subject to health problems caused by exposure to chemicals or other hazardous materials. Technology is also making it possible to better serve customers. Meritatt industries, the Adrian, Michigan, cabinetmaker, gives customers more than 63,000 cabinet configurations, allowing them to create customized cabinets at a fraction of the design time and cost of "special made" cabinetry. Technology, however, finds use beyond manufacturing enterprices. The banking industry, for instance, has replaced thousands of tellers with ATM machines and on-line banking systems.

Technological advancements also provide better, more useful information. Most cars built today, for example, have an onboard computer circuit into which a technician can plug to determine operating problems, saving mechanics countless diagnostic hours. And at Wal-Mart, technology has meant better and more timely information. Company representatives instantly obtain warehouse logistics and inventories, and as a result, Wal-Mart, has increased its efficiency by more than 20 percent.
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